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Migration. Refugees --- Social policy and particular groups --- 314.7 --- Migratie. Geografische mobiliteit. Verhuizingen--(demografie) --- Welfare state --- 314.7 Migratie. Geografische mobiliteit. Verhuizingen--(demografie) --- State, Welfare --- Economic policy --- Public welfare --- Social policy --- State, The --- Welfare economics --- European Union countries --- United States --- Emigration and immigration --- Government policy.
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Europeans are living longer, and fewer now remain in the labour force as they grow older. Many European countries have responded to the ensuing financial pressure by reforming their public pension systems and health care programmes. There is considerable uncertainty as to the effects of these reforms - as they typically do not alter the unfunded nature of public welfare arrangements and this uncertainty is itself costly. Not only does it undermine the credibility of public welfare programmes, but it may also distort labour supply behaviour, decisions regarding savings and capital accumulation. More generally there is uncertainty about the overall impact of ageing on welfare and society and the multiple domains in which its effects may develop. Pensions: More Information, Less Ideology builds on the existing evidence - mostly in the field of public pensions - and highlights the advantages that would be obtained by: harmonising methodologies used in the various countries to report pension outlays and forecast future pension liabilities or more generally public spending; defining common standards as to the frequency of expenditure forecasts and the length of the forecast horizons for welfare expenditures; developing European longitudinal survey of persons pre- and post retirement age, providing timely information on a wide array of decisions by individuals and household related to the ageing process and the ongoing trends.
Old age pensions --- Retirement income --- Older people --- Pensions de vieillesse --- Personnes âgées --- Economic conditions --- Conditions économiques --- Personnes âgées --- Conditions économiques --- Economic conditions. --- Public finance. --- Labor economics. --- Microeconomics. --- Public Economics. --- Labor Economics. --- Price theory --- Economics --- Cameralistics --- Public finance --- Public finances --- Currency question
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Economic development projects --- Public investments --- Shadow prices --- 338.26 --- Cost effectiveness --- Externalities (Economics) --- Linear programming --- Prices --- Government investments --- Investments, Public --- Expenditures, Public --- Investments --- Capital budget --- Investment of public funds --- Evaluation --- Finance --- Public economics --- Social costs. Social benefits
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This paper evaluates European structural reforms over the last 20 years, in light of economic theory predictions about interactions between labor and product market reforms. Reforms in labor markets occur at higher frequencies than in product market, which are, however, more coherent. These asymmetries can be explained by the nature of political obstacles to reforms in the two domains. Labor market reforms can exploit institutional trade-offs; notably, reforms can trade labor market flexibility with state-provided unemployment insurance and can be applied only to new entrants in the market without affecting the set of regulations applied to existing workers. These two-tier strategies are infeasible in product markets, since incumbent firms can easily drive away new entrants. In product markets, however, it is possible to shift responsibilities to supranational authorities, resisting pressures of national lobbies.
Electronic books. -- local. --- Labor market -- Europe -- Econometric models. --- Labor supply -- Europe -- Econometric models. --- Finance: General --- Labor --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Demand and Supply of Labor: General --- Labor Economics Policies --- Labor Contracts --- Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search --- Labour --- income economics --- Finance --- Commodity markets --- Labor markets --- Labor market reforms --- Employment protection --- Unemployment --- Manpower policy --- Commodity exchanges --- Labor market --- Italy
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Emploi, prevision de l' --- Emploi, theorie economique de l'
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In the last 30 years the Italian pension system was repeatedly reformed and counter-reformed, increasing uncertainty about future pensions. A low level of financial literacy exacerbated this problem. In 2015, the Italian Social Security Institute (INPS) launched a project to allow all insured workers to have more precise information about their future benefits. This paper analyzes the results of a survey carried out to evaluate the project's performance. The findings are encouraging - around 80 percent of respondents rate the INPS service as at least '*very helpful.'* Even if 42 percent of the sample overestimates their future pension, 16 to 29 percent reveal a willingness to change their expectation on retirement income after receiving new information.
Financial Literacy --- Labor Markets --- Living Standards --- Pension Reform --- Pensions and Retirement Systems --- Poverty Reduction --- Social Protections and Labor
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